Automatic turning and boring machine.



No. 884,125. PATENTED APR. '7, 1908. L. H. BRIGHTMAN.

AUTOMATIC TURNING AND BORING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1905. e SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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PATENTED APR. '7, 1908.-

L. H. BRIGHTMAN. AUTOMATIC TURNING AND BORING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 2 1905.

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APPLICATION FILED NOV-27, 1905.

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AUTOMATIC TURNING AND BORING MACHINE.

PATENTED APR. '7, 1908.

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No. 884,125. PATENTED APR. 7, 1908.

LgH. BRIGHTMAN. AUTOMATIC TURNING AND BORING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 27, 1905.

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LATHAM H. BRIGHTMAN, OF SHELBY, OHIO.

AUTOMATIC TURNING AND BORING MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LATHAM l-I. BRIGHT- MAN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, resident of Shelby, county of Richland, and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Turning andBoring Machines, of which the following is a specification, theprinciple of the invention being herein explained and the best mode inwhich I have contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguishit from other inventions.

The annexed drawings and the following description set forth in detail,one mechanical form embodying the invention; such detail constructionbeing but one of various me chanical forms in which the principle of theinvention may be used,

In said annexed drawings, Figure I represents a longitudinal verticalsection of my improved automatic turning and boring machine as adaptedfor making cold steel nuts, Fig. II, a top plan view of the machine;Fig. III, a View of a feed-end of the machine; Fig. IV, an axial sectionof the hollow mandrel and chuck which holds the stock; Figs. V, VI, andVII, transverse sections on lines VV, V I-VI and VIIVII in Fig. IV; Fig.VIII, a transverse sectional detail view, looking towards thedischarge-end, and illustrating the tool-stocks and the means foroperating them; Fig. IX, a sectional detail view of the mechanism and ata right angle to the former view; Fig. X, a transverse section throughthe drill-spindle and its feeding mechanism; Fig. XI, an axial sectionof the stock-feeding clutch; Fig. XII, an end-view of the same; Fig.XIII, a face-view of the cam which actuates the stock-holding chuck inthe mandrel, and Fig. XIV, a detail view on an enlarged scale of thestock, a completed nut, and the tools severing the latter and facing thenext nut.

While the machine is illustrated and described as adapted to turn andbore nuts from polygonal bars of steel, it is evident that the machinemay be adapted to make any metallic articles from a bar, longitudinallyboring the same and cutting them oif from the bar in suitable lengths.

The machine has a bed, 1, mounted on suitable legs, 2, and formed withfour longitudinal and axially-alined bearings, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Threebearings, 7, 8 and 9, are provided parallel with and transversely-alinedWith the three bearings, 3, 4, and 5, and a Specification of LettersPatent.

Application filed November 27, 1905.

Patented April 7, 1908.

Serial No. 289,210.

drive-shaft, 10, carrying a cone-pulley, 11, to which the driving poweris applied, is j ournaled in said bearings 7, 8 and 9. The driveshafthas a pinion, 12, which meshes with a cog-wheel, 13, upon a tubularmandrel, 14, j ournaled in the bearings 3 and 4. A pinion, 15, upon thedrive-shaft meshes with an idle pinion, 16, which meshes with acog-wheel,

, 17, upon a bearing-sleeve, 18, journaled in the bearing 5 and securedupon a drill-spindle, 19.

The tubular mandrel has the end of its bore flared to have the conicalend, 20, of a longitudinally-split sleeve, 21, fit into it. The end ofthis split sleeve has an annular recess, 22, into which an annular rib,23, of a collet formed from a plurality of sections, 24, fits. Theinterior bore of this collet corresponds in shape to the cross-sectionalshape of the bar of stock treated in the machine, being illustrated ashexagonal in the drawings, as the machine there illustrated is designedfor the manufacture of hexagonal nutblanks. The split sleeve has itsinner end secured to a sleeve, 25, having longitudinal slots, '26, nearits end, which slots have wearplates, 27, secured at their ends to beengaged by the curved and inwardly-projecting arms, 28, of twohook-shaped levers, 29, pivoted at their angles in longitudinal slots,30, in the tubular mandrel. The outer arms of said levers are engaged bya cone, 31, to be spread outward by the same, which cone slides upon themandrel and has a circumferential groove, 32, engaged by the arms of aforked lever, 33, fulcrumed in the machine bed. When the cone is forcedin between the outer arms of the hooked levers, the inner curved arms ofsaid levers draw the inner and split sleeve inward, so that the conicalend of the latter is compressed to close the collet upon the stock so asto firmly clamp the latter. A spiral gear, 34, is secured upon thefeed-end of the mandrel and meshes with a spiral gear, 35, at rightangles to it and secured upon the upper end of a shaft, 36, journaled inbearings, 37 and 38, at the feed-end of the machine-frame and having aWorm, 39, at its lower end, which engages a large Wormwheel, 40, upon acam-shaft, 41, journaled in bearings, 42, 43 and 44, in themachine-frame and beneath the bed and parallel with the mandrel anddrill-spindle. An arm, 45, is secured upon this shaft and carries adrumsegment, 46, at its outer end, upon the outer face of which isformed a portion of a camgroove, 47, curved to make a substantiallyright angled configuration. A roller, 48, projects downward from aslide, 49, to be engaged by this cam-groove, and the slide is supportedto slide longitudinally in ways, 50, upon the under side of themachine-bed. A link, 51, adjustable as to length, is pivoted to thisslide and to the lower arm of the forked lever, so that said lever andthe chuck-mechanism in the mandrel will be operated to open and closesaid mechanism by the engagement of the roller by the segmentalcamgroove.

A rod, 52, projects from the feed-end of the machine-frame and has thelower and longitudinally-bored end of the slide, 53, fitted to slideupon it. A spring, 54, is coiled around the rod and bears against theslide to force it towards the frame. The upper end of the slide has abushing, 55, journaled in a longitudinal bearing, 56, and this bushinghas a bore, 57, formed with two outwardly-flaring grooves, 58, in whichtwo wedge-shaped dogs, 59, slide. Said dogs have headed screws, 60, intheir oblique outer sides, which screws slide in guide-slots, 61, in thebushing and thus prevent the dogs from falling out when the stock isremoved. A ring, 62, bears against the wide ends of the dogs, havingsprings, 63, upon bolts, 64, forcing said ring against the dogs and thedogs into the grooves. The inner clamping faces of the dogs may beserrated or otherwise roughened to insure a firm bite upon the stock infeeding it forward. A roller, 65, projects downward from the slide andis engaged for about onesiXth of each revolution of the cam-shaft by awedge-shaped cam-segment 66, upon said shaft, whereby the feed-slide isforced back for a distance about equal to the thickness of a nut-blankto secure a new hold upon the stock, released by the roller slipping offfrom the thick end of the cam-wedge and forced forward by the springfeeding the stock forward. A stop or gage 67, which serves as a jig ordrill-guide, is adjustably secured to project downward from a rod, 68,secured between the brackets of the bearings 4 and 5, so as to stop thestock after it has been fed the proper distance forward through themandrel, and has a closed cylindrical bearing for the boring-tool.

A twist-drill, 69, or other suitable metalboring tool, is guided in thestop 67 to longitudinally bore the revolving stock, and is secured inthe spindle 19, and the end of said spindle is journaled in a sleeve,70, having a cogged rack, 71, and longitudinally sliding in the bearing6. Said rack is engaged by a pinion, 72, secured upon a hollow shaft,73, transversely journaled in the bearing 6. The inner end of the boreof this shaft is flaring to receive a conical head, 74, of an arm, 75,having a bolt, 76, secured in the head and having one end journaled inthe wall of the bearing and the other end extending beyond the end ofthe hollow shaft and screw threaded. A winged nut, 77, fits upon thisend of the bolt to draw and lock the conical head of the arm in theflaring bore of the pinion-shaft. Radial arms, 78, project from a hub,79, upon the pinion-shaft, so as to admit of said shaft being rocked byhand and the drill or boring-tool to be longitudinally moved by hand.The arm, 75, has a series of holes 80, at its outer end, and a link, 81,is pivoted to a slide, 82, moving in longitudinal guide-ways, 83, on theunder side of the machine-bed. A cord or chain, 84, is fastened to thisslide and is carried around a guide-pulley, 85, and has a weight, 86, atits end, which draws the slide and the lower end of the arm inward towithdraw the boringtool from the work. A roller, 87, projects fromtheunder side of the slide, and a cam, 88, upon the cam-shaft has itscam-edge bearing against said roller. This cam-edge has a gradual riseand an abrupt shoulder, 89, so that the roller and slide is graduallymoved to force the boring-tool into the stock until the roller reachesthe shoulder, when the weight will draw the slide inward and thuswithdraw the tool. Beneath and about in a transverse line between thestop and the chuck of the mandrel are two alined transverse guide-waysupon the machine-bed. Two tool-stocks, 90 and 91, slide in said guideways, one at each side of the line of the work, and said stocks havecogged racks, 92, upon their flanged feet within the ways, which racksare engaged by pinions, 93. The shafts of said pinions carrysector-arms, 94, which have cogged segments, 95, engaging adouble-cogged rack, 96, vertically sliding in the machine-bed. The shankof the rack has a cross-head, 97, sliding upon vertical guide-rods, 98,and carrying a roller, 99. Springs, 100, upon the rods, force thecrosshead upward. The roller upon the crosshead engages a groove, 101,in the face of a cam-disk, 102, and said groove is spiral, starting fromthe periphery and curving inward to near the cam-shaft upon which thedisk is secured, with an abrupt portion, 103, connecting the outer andinner end of the groove. The tool stocks have cutting-tools,

@3104 and 105, respectively secured in them, one of which 104, extendsfurther inward" than the other, so as to begin cutting the stock beforethe other and to extend further into the same than the other. The camgroove, roller, racks and pinions gradual y feed the cutters into thestock until the Tin ished nutblank is severed, when the abrupt portionof the cam-groove will cause the stocks to be again moved outward. Thecutter 1.05 has a beveled side which in cutting into the stock forms thebevel or chamfer of the nut, While the severing-cutter 104 has parallelsides to form the flat faces of the nut.

1116 rormer cutter rue has referably a small bevel, 106, at the othersic e which cuts the points of the nut on the side facing the surfaceagainst which it bears, so as to prevent said points from scratching thesurface.

In practice, the collet in the chuck-end of the mandrel is inserted andhas its interior passage of the size and shape of the stock to be fedthrough the machine. A stop or gage having the bore of a diameter to fitthe boring-tool, is adjusted to a distance from the line of thecutting-tools corresponding to the thickness of the nut to be made. Theboring-tool is inserted through the stop and into the socket of thespindle, and the throw of the feed-sleeve in which the spindle isjournaled is adjusted by means of the holes in the end of the armconnected to the cam-slide and by adjustment of the conical head of saidarm in the bore of the rock-shaft. Suitable cutting-tools are secured inthe toolstocks and are of suitable shape and adjustment so as to causeone tool to form the beveled face-portion of the nut while the othertool cuts through the stock until it reaches the axial bore in the sameand thus severs the finished nut. W hen all parts are adjusted as toshape and size of the stock and finished product, the steel-bar whichforms the stock from which the nut-blanks are formed, is pushed throughthe feed-slide and mandrel until it reaches the stop. This bar has thetransverse sectional form of the finished nutblank, and may be rolled ordrawn or both rolled and drawn into the required shape. In the drawings,the stock-bar is hexagonal in cross-section so as to make hexagonalnuts, but any regular or irregular cross-sectional shape of bar may behandled in the machine, according to the shape of the finished article.W'hen the bar is in place, the machine is started up and the mandrel isrotated in one direction while the boring-tool revolves in the oppositedirection and the two cuttingtools are gradually,fed-towards and intothe rotating bar cutting a circumferential groove into the same.

The boring-tool is fed into the stock by means of the cam, cam-slide,rock-arm, rock-shaft, pinion and rack upon the feed-sleeve. As the stockand boring tool are rotated in opposite directions the boring speed willbe equal to the joint speed of the two elements, whereby the axial borethrough the stock and to a slight distance beyond the depth of onenut-blank will be finished before the cutting-tools have severed thenut-blank from the stock. The cam which actuates the feed of theboring-tool has its cam-surface so shaped as to allow the weight towithdraw the boring-tool at a time when the bore into the stock exceedsthe depth or thickness of the nut-blank to a slight degree. After theboring-tool has been withdrawn, the cutting-tools finish the severanceof the nut-blank from the stock.

As soon as the finished nut-blank is severed from the stock and dropsdown into a suitable receptacle, the cam which controls the clamping andrelease of the chuck-device in the mandrel will engage the roller uponthe cam-slide with its cam-groove, and draw the cone towards the feedend of the machine to release the chuck and again push the cone tospread the hooked cam-levers to again close the chuck. While the camthus has opened and closed the chuck-mandrel, the wedgeshaped cam uponthe cam-shaft and at the feed-end of the machine has engaged the rollerupon the feed-slide and pushed the latter back and again released it soas to cause it to engage the stock and feed the latter through themandrel towards the stop. It will thus be seen that the feed of thestock takes place while the chuck in the mandrel is open, and that thechuck will be closed to firmly clamp the stock as soon as the same isfed forward and before the boring-tool and cutting-tools begin to actupon the stock. By reason of the rotation of the boring-tool at the sametime as the stock is rotated and in the opposite direction, the axialboring of the nutblanks will be quickly finished, so that the shapingand severing of the nut-blanks by the cutting-tools may be done as fastas such tools can cut into the stock. In the ordinary automatic lathe,the stock is usually rotated and the boring-tool held rigid. Thisprevents boring in the metal from being done at any reasonable speed, asthe drill or boringtool is liable to be twisted and broken if rapidityof revolution is attempted; but when the boring-tool is rotated, thistwisting tendency is avoided. As the end of the stock bears immediatelyagainst the stop and drillguide, the drill is completely centered andwill enter the stock without danger of buckling, being guided at its endentering the stock by the drill-guide.

This machine is particularly adapted for making nuts from steel by coldprocess, such as steel nuts used in engine building and wherever awell-finished and strong nut is required. The machine may, however, beused for making any object from a bar of metal which requires aperforation through it and the finishing, only, of the two faces, wherethe object is severed from the stockbar. Heretofore, cold steel-nutshave usu ally been made by punching the nuts from a flat bar of steeland punching the hole through the nut. This method of making such nutshas been very expensive, as such punching is very hard on the diesemployed and very quickly destroys the same, and the nuts produced bysuch punching-process are rarely true, and require finishing of theirsides and faces in milling-machines and lathes, and truing of theirholes by reaming. All of such subsequent finishings increase the cost ofthe nut. When employing my machine, a bar of steel, either drawn from around bar into the cross-sectional form of the nut-blank, or firstrolled and then drawn into the required shape, is employed. This insuresperfection of crosssectional shape and finish of the sides of thenut-blank. As the bar is centered and supported in axial alinement withthe boringtool, the bore or hole in the nutblank will be absolutelysquare with the faces of the same, and, as the cutting-tools finish thefaces of the nut-blank as they sever the nutblank from the stock, suchfaces will be finished when the nut-blank drops from the stock and isdischarged from the machine. By reason of this procedure of manufacture,the blank needs no subsequent finish,- save in exceptional cases whereextraordinary finish is required, and this practical finishing of theblank, with the exception of tapping, in one operation and at acomparatively rapid speed, makes the process of producing suchnut-blanks much less expensive than the process of first punching andthereupon further finishing the nut-blanks. The holes in the punchednut-blanks have the fibers of the metal dragged down the sides of thehole, so that when the hole is tapped these screwthreads intersect thisdistorted l'lbffl'i and are liable to be very weak on EtCCOH-lI't Ofthis distortion. In the nut-blankspi'oduced in my machine, the sides oftli hole arewithe out distortion of fiber, and the s ew-threads. will beas perfect as the character of the steel and the sharpness of the tap-ivill peilnit.

Other modes of applying the -principle of my invention may be employedfor the mode herein explained. Change may therefore be made as regardsthe mechanism thus disclosed, provided the principles of constructionset forth respectively in the following claims are employed. a

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as myinvention 1. In an automatic turning and boring machine, the combinationof a revolving mandrel having means for clamping a bar within it, anaxially-alined boring-tool having means for revolving it in the oppositedirection to the mandrel, and a at the end of the forward feed of thestock-bar and formed with a cylindrical bearing for the boring-tool,whereby the end of such tool is directly guided into the end of thestock-bar.

2. In an automatic turning and boring machine, the combination of arevolving mandrel having means for clamping a bar within it, anaxially-alined boring-tool having means for revolving it in the oppositedirection to the mandrel and having means for feeding it towards andfrom the mandrel, and a jig at the end of the forward feed of theforward feed of the stock-bar and formed with a cylindrical bearing forthe boring-tool, whereby the end of such tool is directly guided intothe end of the stock-bar.

In an automatic turning and boring machine, the combination of abearing, a bearing-sleeve sliding in said bearing and having a coggedrack, a boring-tool spindle journale d in said sleeve, a hollow shafttransversely journaled to the bearing sleeve and having a pinion uponits inner end engaging the rack and having that end of its bore flaring,an arm having means for rocking it and formed with a conical headfitting in the flaring bore of the rock shaft, and a bolt having one endjournaled and passing through :fillCCOIllCitl head and the hollow shaftand provided with a clamp-nut at its end to bear --against the end ofthe hollow shaft.

5. In anKautomatie turning and boring machine, the combniatron of arevolving mandrel having means for clamping a bar within it, means forintermittently feeding the stock longitudinally through such mandrel, anaxially alined boring-tool having means for revolving it in the oppositedirection to the mandrel, a at the end of the forward feed of thestock-bar and formed witha cylindrical bearingfor the boring-toolwhereby the end of such tool is directly guided into the end of thestock-bar, opposed cutting-tools arranged laterally to the mandrel andboring-tool to shape and sever a portion of the bar held in the mandrel,means for moving such tools towards and from the stock-bar, and meansfor feeding the boring-tool axially into the stock-bar to a depthgreater than the thickness of the piece severed and for retracting thesame before the cutting-tool has severed the portion of the baroperated. upon.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing to be my invention I havehereunto set my hand this 6th day of April A. D. 1905.

LATHAM H. BRIGHTMAN.

Witnesses VVM. Snonnn, E. D. GRUMNEY.

